Why does listeriosis exhibit high morbidity and mortality rates?

Listeriosis is caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, which is known for its ability to thrive in a variety of environmental conditions, including the ability to grow at low temperatures and in high salinity. This versatility allows the pathogen to persist in different settings, including food products, soil, and water. The ability to survive in adverse conditions leads to greater exposure and transmission potentials, which contributes significantly to the high morbidity and mortality associated with listeriosis.

The disease can affect a range of species, including humans, and can lead to severe outcomes, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, pregnant women, and newborns. The bacterium can invade the central nervous system, leading to meningitis, or cause bloodstream infections, further complicating treatment and increasing the risk of serious health implications.

The other options do not accurately capture the primary reasons for the high morbidity and mortality rates associated with listeriosis.