What type of tumor is associated with perineal tumors and hypercalcemia in dogs?

Apocrine gland adenocarcinoma is associated with perineal tumors and hypercalcemia in dogs. This type of tumor originates from apocrine glands, which are present in the skin, particularly around the perineal area. The development of apocrine gland adenocarcinoma in this region can lead to local masses that may produce clinical signs such as difficulty with defecation or urination due to obstruction.

Furthermore, these tumors have been linked to paraneoplastic hypercalcemia, a condition where tumors secrete parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) or other factors that cause increased calcium levels in the bloodstream. This elevated calcium can lead to various health complications, such as lethargy, increased thirst and urination, and gastrointestinal issues.

The association of apocrine gland adenocarcinoma with hypercalcemia is a distinctive feature that helps differentiate it from other types of tumors, which may not present with this paraneoplastic syndrome. Thus, recognizing this link is crucial in veterinary practice for appropriate diagnosis and management of affected dogs.