What is the cause of cerebellar hypoplasia in calves?

Cerebellar hypoplasia in calves is primarily caused by in utero infection with Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD). This viral disease affects the developing brain of the fetus when a pregnant cow is infected, particularly during the first trimester. The BVD virus can disrupt normal neuronal development, leading to a reduced size of the cerebellum, which is responsible for coordinating movement and balance in the animal.

In utero infection results in the most significant impact on the developing nervous system, and calves born with cerebellar hypoplasia often exhibit signs such as ataxia, poor balance, and difficulties with motor control. This condition is specifically linked to the timing of the infection during gestation; infection early in pregnancy poses a higher risk for the developing fetus.

While dietary deficiencies, exposure to poisonous plants, and genetic abnormalities may cause various issues in calves, they are not the predominant causes of cerebellar hypoplasia. Understanding the role of the BVD infection in this condition is crucial for effective prevention and management in cattle populations.