What hormones does the endometrium of a cow produce?

The endometrium of a cow primarily produces hormones that are crucial for reproductive processes, particularly during and after pregnancy. Among these hormones, estradiol plays a significant role in the estrous cycle and the maintenance of pregnancy. Prolactin is also important; it supports lactation and helps to prepare the body for nurturing offspring after birth. The interplay of these hormones is essential for the regulation of the reproductive cycle and for ensuring successful gestation and lactation.

Estradiol, produced in the ovaries and also by the endometrium in response to certain signals, helps regulate the development of the uterine lining, promoting an environment conducive to implantation. Meanwhile, prolactin has a direct role in stimulating milk production and maternal behaviors, which are critical once a calf is born.

In contrast, the other hormone pairs listed in the incorrect options do not directly relate to the primary functions of the endometrium. For instance, testosterone is largely associated with male reproductive functions, while insulin is involved in glucose metabolism rather than reproductive processes. Similarly, while progesterone is essential for maintaining pregnancy, it is produced by the corpus luteum and not primarily by the endometrium itself. Cortisol is a steroid hormone primarily related to stress responses rather than